Journalism and Reporting
Journalism and Reporting
Communications, Journalism & Publishing
Journalism and Reporting workers find, verify and communicate information of public interest across media.
What You Would Do
- Journalism and Reporting workers find
- Verify and communicate information of public interest across media
- Apply ethical standards and explain methods
- Evidence
- Limits and decisions clearly
- Confirm the audience
The exact work depends on the audience, employer, medium, subject, deadline and editorial or legal standards.
Types of Work You Could Explore
Source development — Explore source development. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
Interviewing — Ask prepared and follow-up questions, listen closely and document responses.
Records — Explore records. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
Verification — Explore verification. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
Writing — Explore writing. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
Ethics — Explore ethics. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
Deadlines — Explore deadlines. Learn what it contributes, the tools and methods involved, and how it connects with the larger journalism and reporting field.
You do not have to choose a specialty before you begin. Job titles and specialty names vary among employers and training programs, and one job may include more than one type of work.
Who Might Like This Career
This career may appeal to you if you are interested in source development, interviewing, records. It can be a good fit for people who enjoy careful problem solving, accurate work, learning how information, audiences and media connect and seeing a clear result from their effort.
Where You Could Work
newsrooms, digital publications, broadcasters, nonprofit media and freelance settings.
Pay and Job Outlook
Median annual pay: $62,200 in May 2025 for news analysts, reporters and journalists, a related comparison occupation.
These are national U.S. figures for the occupation or comparison group named above, not a promised starting salary. Pay can vary considerably by location, experience, specialty, overtime, union agreement, employer, role, location, experience, education, portfolio or credentials and industry conditions. People starting the career commonly earn less than experienced workers; paid training programs may increase wages as skills grow.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics career and pay information
Skills You Can Start Building
- Journalism and Reporting workers find, verify and communicate information of public interest across media
- Apply ethical standards and explain methods, evidence, limits and decisions clearly
- Understand the audience, purpose, medium and deadline
- Research, interview, draft, edit or produce accurate material
- Verify sources, facts, rights, attribution and accessibility
- Use publishing, recording, production or content-management tools
- Respond constructively to edits and deliver approved work on schedule
How Journalism and Reporting Work Is Changing
Mobile reporting, streaming, content-management systems, remote collaboration, audience analytics and digital production are changing communications work.
AI may assist with transcription, translation, drafts, editing, search, graphics and distribution. Workers must verify facts and sources, protect confidential material, respect copyright, disclose use where required and remain accountable for published work.
Digital systems can speed production and distribution, but people remain responsible for accuracy, judgment, originality, rights, audience trust and correcting mistakes.
Education and Training
Preparation may include school media, portfolio projects, paid entry work, internships, co-ops, employer training, certificates, college or apprenticeship where available. Many professional writing, reporting and communication roles typically expect a bachelor’s degree plus demonstrated work.
Career Pathways and Apprenticeship Availability
Typical pathway: Employer training and related paid experience are common; apprenticeship availability varies.
Journalism apprenticeships, fellowships and paid trainee programs exist. A strong portfolio and ethical reporting practice are central.
A Registered Apprenticeship follows an approved training plan and combines paid work, supervised learning, related instruction and progressive skill development. Some employers use the word apprenticeship for paid programs that are not registered. Ask the sponsor which type it is and what credential, wage progression and job it provides.
Licenses and Certifications
Most communications roles are not licensed. Employers may value portfolios, language proficiency tests or professional certifications, while broadcast, drone, accessibility or regulated subject matter may bring additional requirements.
Look up licenses in your state
Career Pathways to Learn Journalism and Reporting and Gain Experience
Apprenticeship — Learn through real paid work with experienced workers who teach and guide you, supported by technical instruction and a structure for developing and measuring progress. Some apprenticeships are Registered Apprenticeships; others are not.
Entry-Level Jobs — Gain paid experience with tools, equipment, customer service, safety and workplace practices through beginning work in the field.
Youth Apprenticeship — Begin developing career skills through work while continuing high-school education where a suitable program is available.
Career and Technical Education CTE — Build applied skills through journalism, broadcasting, digital media, graphic communications, printing, marketing or language programs.
Pre-Apprenticeship — Learn introductory skills, safety and workplace expectations while preparing for apprenticeship or employment. Verify that the program connects participants with real employers and does not charge tuition simply for possible access to an apprenticeship.
Co-op — Combine education with career-related work experience through a high school, CTE program, community college or other educational program.
Paid Work-Based Learning — Get paid to do real work for an employer while learning skills and gaining experience related to the career.
Employer or Professional Training — Learn newsroom, publishing, production, language, accessibility, ethics and content-management practices used by a team.
From Learning to Experienced Work
Skills develop through practice and experience. People who are new to the work usually receive more instruction and supervision. As they demonstrate skill, judgment and reliability, they take on more difficult work, greater responsibility and more independent assignments.
A common progression: Learn → Practice → Gain Experience → Build Confidence → Take on More Responsibility → Work More Independently
Experienced workers may eventually supervise work or teach and guide newer workers, trainees and apprentices.
Where This Career Can Lead
With experience, a strong portfolio and subject knowledge, you may specialize, take larger assignments, edit or produce others’ work, lead a team, manage publications or communications, teach, freelance or build a business.
Questions to Ask Before You Apply
- Is this a paid job from the beginning?
- Is it a Registered Apprenticeship, an employer-run apprenticeship, another training program or a regular job with training?
- What equipment and work will I learn, and who will teach me on the job?
- How does pay increase as I gain skills?
- Who provides the classes, and can I earn college credit or an industry credential?
- What tools, transportation, physical requirements, licenses, background checks or costs should I expect?
Explore related careers
Consider these careers with overlapping tools, materials, systems or work settings:
Editing
Publishing
Professional and Technical Writing
Broadcast Journalism
Podcasting and Audio Journalism
Photojournalism
Media Production
Explore opportunities
Search apprenticeships and programs on Apprenticeship.com
Explore Apprenticeship.com state apprenticeship guides
Learn more from official career resources